A new assessment of economic integration in East Asia: Application of an industry-specific G-PPP model

It is well known that intra-industry trade and cross-border production networks have promoted economic growth and regional integration in East Asia. However, regional supply and production chains may have been formed differently across industries, reflecting different degrees and a different scope of regional economic linkages at an industry level. This paper makes a threefold contribution. First, to assess industry-level differences, this study adopts the generalized purchasing power parity (G-PPP) model using industry-specific producer prices. Second, the momentum threshold autoregressive (M-TAR) model is employed to allow for possible nonlinearity arising from the dynamic nature of regional economic growth and development. Third, the Granger causality test is also conducted to assess whether regional economies have autonomously integrated. The empirical results reveal that economic integration has progressed more autonomously in the electrical industry, as well as in the transportation equipment industry, as China and the ASEAN countries have become the final destination markets for finished products in these two industries.     

电气工程及其电气自动化的控制系统应用

近年来,随着我国经济的迅速发展,电气工程技术标准不断提升,对于技术的优化提出了更高的要求。电气工程技术在各行各业都得到了有效的应用,该技术的重要性不言而喻。尤其是制造业,其对于电气工程技术的依赖程度较高。所以在电气工程以及电气自动化控制系统的优化中,如何提高运行效率以及让设备稳定运行是当前工程师们所必须考虑的问题。     

Perceived hygiene attributes in the hotel industry: customer retention amid the COVID-19 crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis in the hotel industry worldwide, but few studies have suggested methods to retain customers. This study proposes hygiene management as a means to minimize the indirect damage from COVID-19 to the hotel industry. It identifies perceived hygiene attributes and explores their influence on hotel image, word of mouth, and revisit intentions. This study identifies and validates three types of perceived hygiene attributes through qualitative and quantitative methods. It uses structural equation modeling to validate hypotheses and concludes that there are significant relationships of influence between the proposed variables. This study provides important and meaningful insights into hotel image and customer behavior through perceived hygiene attributes.     

海南城乡居民消费水平差异性分析和预测

从1985-2018年海南城乡居民收入、消费数据出发，分别建立消费关于收入、消费差距关于收入差距的自回归模型，结果表明农村居民当期消费更易受近期收入和消费水平的影响，具有不稳定性。再利用GM(1,1)模型预测城乡居民收入差距，结合自回归模型，完成未来10年海南城乡消费差距的预测：收入差距和消费差距将呈直线递增趋势，收入差距的增幅高于消费差距增幅。缩小海南城乡居民消费差距的根本途径在于缩小收入差距，应因地制宜，切实提高农民收入水平。     

决策可靠性分析及在SAR图像目标识别中的应用

决策融合是提高合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）目标识别性能的重要手段，然而，可靠性较弱的决策往往会导致最终决策融合的效果变差。将可靠性分析引入基于决策融合的SAR目标识别方法中，分别计算各个决策的可靠性系数并选取可靠性的决策参与最终的决策融合。为了验证方法的有效性，分别将提出的可靠性分析应用于多特征决策融合以及多分类器决策融合并基于MSTAR（Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition）数据集进行了目标识别实验。在基于主成分分析、线性鉴别分析和非负矩阵分解三种特征进行多特征决策融合的条件下，所提方法和直接进行决策融合的方法的识别率分别为97.47%和96.50%。在基于K近邻、支持向量机和稀疏表示分类器的多分类器决策融合中，所提方法和直接进行决策融合的方法的识别率分别为97.10%和96.28%。实验结果充分证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于MBP算法和深度学习的人脸识别

为了解决在深度学习提取人脸图像特征时,易忽略其局部结构特征和缺乏对其旋转不变性学习的问题,提出了一种基于单演局部二值模式(MBP)与深度学习相结合的高效率人脸识别方法。首先,用多尺度单演滤波器对图像进行滤波,得到幅值和方向信息;其次,用LBP算法和象限比特的方法进行编码,分块计算组合其直方图特征;然后,将提取的单演特征作为深度信念网络(DBN)的输入,逐层训练优化网络参数,得到优异的网络模型;最后,将训练好的DBN网络在ORL人脸数据库上进行人脸识别实验,进行识别率计算,其识别率为98.75%。所提出的方法使用无监督的贪婪算法,隐藏层设定为2层,使用反向传播算法优化网络。相较于已知的人脸识别方法,MBP+DBN算法对光照、表情和部分遮挡变化具有较好的鲁棒性,在人脸识别中识别率较高,具有一定的优势,为图像特征提供了一种新的识别方法。     

健全我国企业环保信用评价法律制度的正当性面向

《环境保护法》等环境法律体系日渐趋同的多元共治理念，渗透并引发环境法律制度体系的结构性转型；国内环境信息公开制度保障公众环境知情权的核心功能不能容纳企业环保信用评价制度的制度功能；信用制度与信息制度错序产生的国内外法治及社会环境迥异等，决定了我国企业环保信用评价制度健全的正当性面向。     

A spatial autoregressive stochastic frontier model for panel data incorporating a model of technical inefficiency

By integrating Battese and Coelli’s (1995) model and the spatial autoregressive model (SAR), a spatial autoregressive stochastic frontier model for panel data is developed. The main feature of this frontier model is a spatial lag term of explained variables and the joint structure of a production possibility frontier with a model of technical inefficiency. The model addresses both spatial dependence and heteroskedastic technical inefficiency. This study applies maximum likelihood methods considering the endogenous spatial lag term. The proposed model nests several existing models. Further, an empirical analysis using data on the Japanese manufacturing industry is conducted and the existing models are tested against the proposed model, which is found to be statistically supported. The findings suggest that estimates in the existing spatial and non-spatial models may exhibit bias because of lack of determinants of technical inefficiency, as well as a spatial lag. This bias also affects the technical efficiency score and its ranking.     

Club convergence and drivers of digitalization across Indian states

Disparity in the level of digitalization is a crucial driver of economic inequality in an economy. Although a pocket of its population is still bereft of the benefits of digitalization, India currently has the second highest number of internet subscribers in the world despite the nation's late adoption of digital technology. An accurate assessment of the current state of digitalization in the country is required for devising effective initiatives towards building a Digital India and bridging the nation's internal digital divide. Considering 17 major Indian states and 21 variables for 10 years, we constructed a composite index of digitalization with the help of Principal Component Method (PCM). This paper identifies factors responsible for the digitalization divide across states. In the second part of the analysis, the study confirms, with the help of club convergence test, the absence of overall convergence towards digitalization and the existence of the non-convergent group. This paper also shows that the non-convergent group of states are at the bottom of the ranking table which indicates the need for greater attention to initiatives to bridge the digital divide.     

Corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage: A developing country perspective

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has attracted wider research interests over recent decades. While some studies have examined the impact of CSR activities on firm competitive advantage (CA), the findings so far remain contradictory. Moreover, the role of export orientation, firm strategy, and structure on the association between CSR and CA has not been explicitly examined. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of export orientation, firm strategy, structure, and firm size on the association between CSR and CA. Using a sample of 179 responses from management staff in organizations across five sectors in a developing country context of Ghana, the study found positive effects of CSR on CA. The study contributes to the resource‐based view (RBV) scholarship by confirming the important complementary effect of export orientation and organizational structure as important resources and capabilities on the CSR–competitiveness relationship. However, no evidence of a moderating effect of firm strategy, or firm size on the CSR–CA relationship was found. These findings are instructive, impactful, and enrich the existing literature on CSR and strategy. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.